The Upanishads

Aitereya Upanishad

Chapter One: Section I

हरिः ॐ॥ आत्मा वा इदमेक एवाग्र आसीन्नान्यत्किञ्चन मिषत्; स ईक्षत लोकान्नु सृजा इति ॥१॥

1) Hari OM. In the beginning the Spirit was One and all this (universe) was the Spirit; there was nought else moving.¹ The Spirit thought, "Lo, I will make me worlds from out my being."

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स इमाँल्लोकानसृजत—अम्भो मरीचीर्मरमापोऽदोऽम्भः परेण दिवं द्यौः प्रतिष्ठाऽन्तरिक्षं मरीचयः । पृथिवी मरो या अधस्तात्ता आपः ॥२॥

2) These were the worlds he made; ambhaḥ, of the ethereal waters, marīcīh, of light, mara, of death and mortal things, āpaḥ, of the lower waters. Beyond the shining firmament are the ethereal waters and the firmament is their base and resting-place; Space is the world of light; the earth is the world mortal; and below the earth are the lower waters.

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स ईक्षतेमे नु लोका लोकपालान्नु सृजा इति । सोऽद्भ्य एष पुरुषं समुद्धृत्यामूर्छयत् ॥३॥

3) The Spirit thought, "Lo, these are the worlds; and now will I make me guardians for my worlds." Therefore he gathered the Purusha out of the waters and gave Him shape and substance.

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तमभ्यतपत्तस्याभितप्तस्य मुखं निरभिद्यत, यथाण्डं; मुखाद्वाग्वाचोऽग्नि र्नासिके निरभिद्येतां, नासिकाभ्यां प्राणः । प्राणाद्वायुरक्षिणी निरभिद्येतामक्षिभ्यां चक्षुश्चक्षुष आदित्यः कर्णौ निरभिद्येतां, कर्णाभ्यां श्रोत्रं श्रोत्राद्दिशस्त्वङ निरभिद्यत, त्वचो लोमानि लोमभ्य

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ओषधिवनस्पतयो हृदयं निरभिद्यत, हृदयान्मनो मनसश्चन्द्रमा नाभिर्निरभिद्यत नाभ्या अपानोऽपानान्मृत्युः शिश्नं निरभिद्यत, शिश्नाद्रेतो रेतस आपः ॥४॥

4) Yea, the Spirit brooded over Him and of Him thus brooded over the mouth broke forth, as when an egg is hatched and breaks; from the mouth broke Speech and of Speech fire was born. The nostrils broke forth and from the nostrils Breath and of Breath air was born. The eyes broke forth and from the eyes Sight and of Sight the Sun was born. The ears broke forth and from the ears Hearing and of Hearing the regions were born. The skin broke forth and from the skin hairs and from the hairs herbs of healing and all trees and plants were born. The heart broke forth and from the heart Mind and of Mind the moon was born. The navel broke forth and from the navel apāna and of apāna Death was born. The organ of pleasure broke forth and from the organ seed and of seed the waters were born.

Chapter One: Section II

ता एता देवताः सृष्टा अस्मिन्महत्यर्णवे प्रापतंस्तमशनापिपासाभ्यामन्ववार्जत् । ता एनमब्रुवन्नायतनं नः प्रजानीहि, यस्मिन् प्रतिष्ठिता अन्नमदामेति ॥१॥

1) These were the Gods that He created; they fell into this great Ocean, and Hunger and Thirst leaped upon them. Then they said to Him, "Command unto us an habitation that we may dwell secure and eat of food."

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ताभ्यो गामानयत्ता अब्रुवन्न वै नोऽयमलमिति ताभ्योऽश्वमानयत्ता अब्रुवन्न वै नोऽयमलमिति ॥२॥

2) He brought unto them the cow, but they said, "Verily, it is not sufficient for us." He brought unto them the horse, but they said, "Verily, it is not enough for us."

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ताभ्यः पुरुषमानयत्ता अब्रुवन् सुकृतं बतेति; पुरुषो वाव सुकृतम् । ता अब्रवीद्यथायतनं प्रविशतेति ॥३॥

3) He brought unto them Man, and they said, "O well fashioned truly! Man indeed is well and beautifully made." Then the Spirit said unto them, "Enter ye in each according to his habitation."

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अग्निर्वाग्भूत्वा मुखं प्राविशद्वायुः प्राणो भूत्वा नासिके प्राविशदादित्यश्चक्षुर्भूत्वाऽक्षिणी प्राविशद्दिशः श्रोत्रं भूत्वा कर्णौ प्राविशन्नोषधिवनस्पतयो लोमानि भूत्वा त्वचं प्राविशंश्चन्द्रमा मनो भूत्वा हृदयं प्राविशन्मृत्युरपानो भूत्वा नाभि प्राविशदापो रेतो भूत्वा शिश्नं प्राविशन् ॥४॥

4) Fire became Speech and entered into the mouth; Air became Breath and entered into the nostrils; the Sun became Sight and entered into the eyes; the Quarters became Hearing and entered into the ears; Herbs of healing and the plants and trees became Hairs and entered into the skin; the Moon became Mind and entered into the heart; Death became apāna, the lower breathing and entered into the navel; the Waters became Seed and entered into the organ.

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तमशनापिपासे अब्रूतामावाभ्यामभिप्रजानीहीति । ते अब्रवीदेतास्वेव वां देवतास्वाभजाम्येतासु भागिन्यौ करोमीति । तस्माद्यस्यै कस्यै च देवतायै हविर्गृह्यते भागिन्यावेवास्यामशनापिपासे भवतः ॥५॥

5) Then Hunger and Thirst said unto the Spirit, "Unto us too command an habitation." But He said unto them, "Even among these gods do I apportion you; lo! I have made you sharers in their godhead." Therefore to whatever god the oblation is offered, Hunger and Thirst surely have their share in the offering.

Chapter One: Section III

स ईक्षतेमे नु लोकाश्च लोकपालाश्चान्नमेभ्यः सृजा इति ॥१॥

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1) The Spirit thought, "These verily are my worlds and their guardians; and now will I make me food for these."

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सोऽपोऽभ्यतपत्; ताभ्योऽभितप्ताभ्यो मूर्तिरजायत । या वै सा मूर्तिरजायतान्नं वै तत् ॥२॥

2) The Spirit brooded in might upon the waters and from the waters brooded mightily over, Form was born. Lo, all this that was born as form, is no other than Food.

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तदेनदभिसृष्टं पराङत्यजिघांसत् । तद्वाचाजिघृक्षत्, तन्नाशक्त्नोद्वाचा ग्रहीतुम् । स यद्धैनद्वाचाग्रहैष्यदभिव्याहृत्य हैवान्नमत्रप्स्यत् ॥३॥

3) Food being created fled back from his grasp. By speech He would have seized it, but he could not seize it by speech. Had he seized it by speech, then would a man be satisfied by merely speaking of food.

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तत् प्राणेनाजिघृक्षत्, तन्नाशक्नोत् प्राणेन ग्रहीतुम् । स यद्धैनत् प्राणेनाग्रहैष्यदभिप्राण्य हैवान्नमत्रप्स्यत् ॥४॥

4) By the breath He would have seized it, but He could not seize it by the breath. Had He seized it by the breath, then would a man be satisfied by merely breathing food.

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तच्चक्षुषाजिघृक्षत्, तन्नाशक्नोच्चक्षुषा ग्रहीतुम् । स यद्धैनच्चक्षुषाग्रहैष्यद् दृष्टवा हैवान्नमत्रप्स्यत् ॥५॥

5) By the eye He would have seized it, but He could not seize it by the eye. Had He seized it by the eye, then would a man be satisfied by merely seeing food.

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तच्छ्रोत्रेणाजिघृक्षत्, तन्नाशक्नोच्छ्रोत्रेण ग्रहीतुम् । स यद्धैनच्छ्रोत्रेणाग्रहैष्यच्छ्रुत्वा हैवान्नमत्रप्स्यत् ॥६॥

6) By the ear He would have seized it, but He could not seize it by the ear. Had He seized it by the ear, then would a man be satisfied by merely hearing food.

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तत्त्वचाजिघृक्षत्, तन्नाशक्नोत्त्वचा ग्रहीतुम् । स यद्धैनत्त्वचाग्रहैष्यत्स्पृष्ट्वा हैवान्नमत्रप्स्यत् ॥७॥

7) By the skin He would have seized it, but He could not seize it by the skin. Had He seized it by the skin, then would a man be satisfied by merely touching food.

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तन्मनसाजिघृक्षत्, तन्नाशक्नोन्मनसा ग्रहीतुम् । स यद्धैनन्मनसाग्रहैष्यद्, ध्यात्वा हैवान्नमत्रप्स्यत् ॥८॥

8) By the Mind He would have seized it, but He could not seize it by the mind. Had He seized it by the mind, then would a man be satisfied by merely thinking food.

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तच्छिश्नेनाजिघृक्षत्, तन्नाशक्नोच्छिश्नेन ग्रहीतुम् । स यद्धैनच्छिश्नेनाग्रहैष्यद्विसृज्य हैवान्नमत्रप्स्यत् ॥९॥

9) By the organ He would have seized it, but He could not seize it by the organ. Had He seized it by the organ, then would a man be satisfied by merely emitting food.

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तदपानेनाजिघृक्षत्, तदावयत् । सैषोऽन्नस्य ग्रहो यद्वायुरन्नायुर्वा एष यद्वायुः ॥१०॥

10) By the apāna He would have seized it, and it was seized. Lo, this is the seizer of food which is also Breath of the Life, and therefore all that is Breath has its life in food.

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स ईक्षत कथं न्विदं मदृते स्यादिति । स ईक्षत कतरेण प्रपद्या इति । स ईक्षत यदि वाचाभिव्याहृतं, यदि प्राणेनाभिप्राणितं, यदि चक्षुषा दृष्टं, यदि श्रोत्रेण श्रुतं, यदि त्वचा स्पृष्टं, यदि मनसा घ्यातं, यद्यपानेनाभ्यपानितं, यदि शिश्नेन विसृष्टमथ कोऽहमिति ॥११॥

11) The Spirit thought, "How should all this be without me?" and He thought, "By what way shall I enter in?" He thought also, "If utterance is by Speech, if breathing is by the Breath, if sight is by the Eye, if hearing is by the Ear, if

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thought is by the Mind, if the lower workings are by apāna, if emission is by the organ, then who am I?"

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स एतमेव सीमानं विदार्यैतया द्वारा प्रापद्यत । सैषा विदृतिर्नाम द्वास्तदेतन्नान्दनम् । तस्य त्रय आवसथास्त्रयः स्वप्नाः । अयमावसथोऽयमावसथोऽयमावसथ इति ॥१२॥

12) It was this bound that He cleft, it was by this door that He entered in. 'Tis this that is called the gate of the cleaving; this is the door of His coming and here is the place of His delight. He has three mansions in His city, three dreams wherein He dwells, and of each in turn He says "Lo, this is my habitation" and "This is my habitation" and "This is my habitation."

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स जातो भूतान्यभिव्यैख्यत्, किमिहान्यं वावदिषदिति । स एतमेव पुरुषं ब्रह्म ततममपश्यदिदमदर्शमिती३ ॥१३॥

13) Now when He was born, He thought and spoke only of Nature and her creations; in this world of matter of what else should He speak or reason? Thereafter He beheld that Being who is the Brahman and the last Essence. He said, "Yea, this is He; verily, I have beheld Him."

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तस्मादिदन्द्रो नामेदन्द्रो ह वै नाम । तमिदन्द्रं सन्तमिन्द्र इत्याचक्षते परोक्षेण । परोक्षप्रिया इव हि देवाः, परोक्षप्रिया इव हि देवाः ॥१४॥

14) Therefore is He Idandra; for Idandra is the true name of Him. But though He is Idandra, they call Him Indra because of the veil of the Unrevelation; for the gods love the veil of the Unrevelation, yea, verily, the gods love the Unrevelation.

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Chapter Two

पुरुषे ह वा अयमादितो गर्भो भवति । यदेतद्रेतः तदेतत्सर्वेभ्योऽङ्गेभ्यस्तेजः सम्भूतमात्मन्येवात्मानं विभर्ति; तद्यदा स्त्रियां सिञ्चत्यथैनज्जनयति; तदस्य प्रथमं जन्म ॥१॥

1) In the male first the unborn child becomes. This which is seed is the force and heat of him that from all parts of the creature draws together for becoming; therefore he bears himself in himself, and when he casts it into the woman, 'tis himself he begets. And this is the first birth of the Spirit.

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तत् स्त्रिया आत्मभूयं गच्छति, यथा स्वमङ्ग तथा; तस्मादेनां न हिनस्ति; सास्यैतमात्मानमत्र गतं भावयति ॥२॥

2) It becomes one self with the woman, therefore it does her no hurt and she cherishes this self of her husband that has got into her womb.

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सा भावयित्री भावयितव्या भवति । तं स्त्री गर्भ विभर्ति; सोऽग्र एव कुमारं जन्मनोऽग्रेऽधिभावयति । स यत् कुमारं जन्मनोऽग्रेऽधिभावयति, आत्मानमेव तद् भावयति, एषां लोकानां सन्तत्या । एवं सन्तता हीमे लोकास्तदस्य द्वितीयं जन्म ॥३॥

3) She the cherisher must be cherished. So the woman bears the unborn child and the man cherishes the boy even from the beginning ere it is born. And whereas he cherishes the boy ere it is born, 'tis verily himself that he cherishes for the continuance of these worlds and their peoples; for 'tis even thus the thread of these worlds spins on unbroken. And this is the second birth of the Spirit.

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सोऽस्यायमात्मा पुण्येभ्यः कर्मभ्यः प्रतिधीयते । अथास्यायमितर आत्मा कृतकृत्यो वयोगतः प्रैति, स इतः प्रयन्नेव पुनर्जायते; तदस्य तृतीयं जन्म ॥४॥

4) Lo, this is the spirit and self of him and he makes it his vice-regent

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for the works of righteousness. Now this his other self when it has done the works it came to do and has reached its age, lo! it goes hence, and even as it departs, it is born again. And this is the third birth of the Spirit.

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तदुक्तमृषिणा—गर्भे नु सन्नन्वेषामवेदमहं देवानां जनिमानि विश्वा । शतं मा पुर आयसीररक्षन्नधः श्येनो जवसा निरदीयमिति; गर्भ एवैतच्छयानो वामदेव एषमुवाच ॥५॥

5) Therefore it was said by the sage Vamadeva, "I, Vamadeva, being yet in the womb, knew all the births of these gods and their causes. In a hundred cities of iron they held me down and kept me; I broke through them all with speed² and violence, like a hawk I soared up into my heavens." While yet he lay in the womb, thus said Vamadeva.

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स एवं विद्वानस्माच्छरीरभेदादूर्ध्व उत्कम्यामुष्मिन् त्स्वर्गे लोके सर्वान् कामानाप्त्वाऽमृतः समभवदमृतः समभवत् ॥६॥

6) And because he knew this, therefore when the strings of the body were snapped asunder lo, he soared forth into yonder world of Paradise and there having possessed all desires, put death behind him, yea, he put death behind him.

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Chapter Three

कोऽयमात्मेति वयमुपास्महे ? कतरः स आत्मा येन वा पश्यति, येन वा शृणोति, येन वा गन्धानाजिघ्रति, येन वा वाचं व्याकरोति, येन वा स्वादु चास्वादु च विजानाति ॥१॥

1) Who is this Spirit that we may adore Him? and which of all these is the Spirit? By whom one sees or by whom one hears or by whom one smells all kinds of perfume or by whom one utters clearness of speech or by whom one knows the sweet and bitter.

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यदेतद्धृदयं मनश्चैतत् । संज्ञानमाज्ञानं विज्ञानं प्रज्ञानं मेधा दृष्टिर्धृतिर्मतिर्मनीषा जूतिः स्मृतिः संकल्पः कतुरसुः कामो वश इति सर्वाण्येवैतानि प्रज्ञानस्य नामधेयानि भवन्ति ॥२॥

2) This which is the heart, is mind also. Concept and will and analysis and wisdom and intellect and vision and continuity of purpose and feeling and understanding, pain and memory and volition and application³ of thought and vitality and desire and passion, all these, yea all, are but names of the Eternal Wisdom.

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एष ब्रह्मैष इन्द्र एष प्रजापतिरेते सर्वे देवाः, इमानि च पञ्च महाभूतानि—पृथिवी वायुराकाश आपो ज्योतींषीत्येतानि, इमानि च क्षुद्रमिश्राणीव बीजानि, इतराणि चेतराणि चाण्डजानि च जारुजानि च, स्वेदजानि चोद्भिज्जानि चाश्वा गावः पुरुषा हस्तिनः, यत्किञ्चेदं प्राणि जङ्गमं च पतत्रि च यच्च स्थावरं; सर्व तत् प्रज्ञानेत्रं प्रज्ञाने प्रतिष्ठितं प्रज्ञानेत्रो लोकः, प्रज्ञा प्रतिष्ठा, प्रज्ञानं ब्रह्म ॥३॥

3) This creating Brahman; this ruling Indra; this Prajapati, Father of his peoples; all these Gods and these five elemental substances, even earth, air, ether, water and the shining principles; and these great creatures and those small; and seeds of either sort; and things egg-born and things sweat-born and things born of the womb and plants

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that sprout; and horses and cattle and men and elephants; yea, whatsoever thing here breathes and all that moves and everything that has wings and whatso moves not; by Wisdom all these are guided and have their firm abiding in Wisdom. For Wisdom is the eye of the world, Wisdom is the sure foundation, Wisdom is Brahman Eternal.

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स एतेन प्रज्ञेनात्मनास्माल्लोकादुत्कम्यामुष्मिन् स्वर्गे लोके सर्वान् कामानाप्त्वाऽमृतः समभवदमृतः समभवत् ॥४॥

4) The sage by the strength of the wise and seeing Self, the sage having soared up from this world ascended into this other world of Paradise; and there having possessed desire, put death behind him, yea, he put death behind him.

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